Quantum Computing is grounded in the principles of quantum mechanics, the branch of physics that describes matter and energy at subatomic scales. The concept originated in the 1980s with pioneers such as Richard Feynman and David Deutsch, who proposed that quantum systems could simulate physical processes beyond the reach of classical computers. Unlike traditional computing, which relies on bits representing 0 or 1, quantum computing uses qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to superposition. When qubits become entangled, their states are interconnected, enabling exponential increases in computational power. The field stands at the intersection of physics, mathematics, and computer science, with significant implications for cryptography, optimization, and artificial intelligence.

Quantum Computing represents a paradigm shift from deterministic to probabilistic computation.
By leveraging quantum phenomena, it enables new forms of problem-solving where classical algorithms fail due to combinatorial explosion or computational limits.

Key features include:

• Superposition – a qubit can represent multiple states at once, allowing parallel computations.

• Entanglement – correlated qubits share states instantaneously, enabling highly efficient data processing.

• Quantum Interference – used to amplify correct solutions and suppress incorrect ones in computational outcomes.

Potential applications include molecular modeling for pharmaceuticals, optimization of logistics and energy systems, financial forecasting, and machine learning acceleration.

However, quantum computing remains in a nascent stage, facing major challenges such as error correction, decoherence, and scalability.

In the context of management and marketing, its long-term potential lies in the capacity to analyze massive datasets, enhance predictive analytics, and revolutionize data security and AI-driven decision systems.

Companies like IBM, Google, and IonQ are leading the development of quantum processors. In 2019, Google announced “quantum supremacy” when its processor, Sycamore, performed a calculation in minutes that would take a classical supercomputer thousands of years. In business strategy, early experimentation focuses on quantum optimization for supply chains and quantum machine learning for advanced data pattern recognition.